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Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, often simply known as Diabetes, is a syndrome characterised by a disordered metabolism and inappropriately high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia), resulting from either low levels of the hormone insulin, or from abnormal resistance to insulin’s effects, compiled with inadequate levels of insulin secretion to compensate. It affects the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and be used to produce energy. Inability to produce or respond to insulin then causes too much glucose to remain in the blood. Elevated levels of blood glucose lead to spillage of glucose into the urine. Body cells become starved for energy and over time the high glucose levels can damage the nerves, eyes (causing retinal damage), kidneys, heart and blood vessels. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal failure and micro vascular damage, which may cause impotence and poor wound healing. Diabetes can be as a result of hereditary and/or environmental causes. It needs to be treated and controlled.
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